ACTION WITH RESPECT TO THREATS TO THE PEACE, BREACHES OF THE PEACE, AND ACTS OF AGGRESSION
Article 39
The Security
Council shall determine the existence of any threat to the peace,
breach of the peace, or act of aggression and shall make
recommendations, or decide what measures shall be taken in accordance
with Articles 41 and 42, to maintain or restore international peace and
security.
Article 40
In order to prevent
an aggravation of the situation, the Security Council may, before
making the recommendations or deciding upon the measures provided for
in Article 39, call upon the parties concerned to comply with such
provisional measures as it deems necessary or desirable. Such
provisional measures shall be without prejudice to the rights, claims,
or position of the parties concerned. The Security Council shall duly
take account of failure to comply with such provisional measures.
Article 41
The Security
Council may decide what measures not involving the use of armed force
are to be employed to give effect to its decisions, and it may call
upon the Members of the United Nations to apply such measures. These
may include complete or partial interruption of economic relations and
of rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic, radio, and other means of
communication, and the severance of diplomatic relations.
Article 42
Should the Security
Council consider that measures provided for in Article 41 would be
inadequate or have proved to be inadequate, it may take such action by
air, sea, or land forces as may be necessary to maintain or restore
international peace and security. Such action may include
demonstrations, blockade, and other operations by air, sea, or land
forces of Members of the United Nations.
Article 43
All Members of
the United Nations, in order to contribute to the maintenance of
international peace and security, undertake to make available to the
Security Council, on its call and in accordance with a special
agreement or agreements, armed forces, assistance, and facilities,
including rights of passage, necessary for the purpose of maintaining
international peace and security.
Such
agreement or agreements shall govern the numbers and types of forces,
their degree of readiness and general location, and the nature of the
facilities and assistance to be provided.
The
agreement or agreements shall be negotiated as soon as possible on the
initiative of the Security Council. They shall be concluded between
the Security Council and Members or between the Security Council and
groups of Members and shall be subject to ratification by the signatory
states in accordance with their respective constitutional processes.
Article 44
When the Security
Council has decided to use force it shall, before calling upon a Member
not represented on it to provide armed forces in fulfilment of the
obligations assumed under Article 43, invite that Member, if the Member
so desires, to participate in the decisions of the Security Council
concerning the employment of contingents of that Member's armed forces.
Article 45
In order to enable
the United Nations to take urgent military measures, Members shall hold
immediately available national air-force contingents for combined
international enforcement action. The strength and degree of readiness
of these contingents and plans for their combined action shall be
determined within the limits laid down in the special agreement or
agreements referred to in Article 43, by the Security Council with the
assistance of the Military Staff Committee.
Article 46
Plans for the
application of armed force shall be made by the Security Council with
the assistance of the Military Staff Committee.
Article 47
There shall be
established a Military Staff Committee to advise and assist the
Security Council on all questions relating to the Security Council's
military requirements for the maintenance of international peace and
security, the employment and command of forces placed at its disposal,
the regulation of armaments, and possible disarmament.
The
Military Staff Committee shall consist of the Chiefs of Staff of the
permanent members of the Security Council or their representatives. Any
Member of the United Nations not permanently represented on the
Committee shall be invited by the Committee to be associated with it
when the efficient discharge of the Committee's responsibilities
requires the participation of that Member in its work.
The
Military Staff Committee shall be responsible under the Security
Council for the strategic direction of any armed forces placed at the
disposal of the Security Council. Questions relating to the command of
such forces shall be worked out subsequently.
The
Military Staff Committee, with the authorization of the Security
Council and after consultation with appropriate regional agencies, may
establish regional sub-committees.
Article 48
The action
required to carry out the decisions of the Security Council for the
maintenance of international peace and security shall be taken by all
the Members of the United Nations or by some of them, as the Security
Council may determine.
Such
decisions shall be carried out by the Members of the United Nations
directly and through their action in the appropriate international
agencies of which they remembers.
Article 49
The Members of the
United Nations shall join in affording mutual assistance in carrying
out the measures decided upon by the Security Council.
Article 50
If preventive or
enforcement measures against any state are taken by the Security
Council, any other state, whether a Member of the United Nations or
not, which finds itself confronted with special economic problems
arising from the carrying out of those measures shall have the right to
consult the Security Council with regard to a solution of those
problems.
Article 51
Nothing in the
present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or
collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs against a Member of
the United Nations, until the Security Council has taken measures
necessary to maintain international peace and security. Measures taken
by Members in the exercise of this right of self-defence shall be
immediately reported to the Security Council and shall not in any way
affect the authority and responsibility of the Security Council under
the present Charter to take at any time such action as it deems
necessary in order to maintain or restore international peace and
security.